Note on China

By: Mr. Vijay ‘Bidrohi’


Recently, two important developments took place in China. The first one was celebration of 11th Communist Party of China (CPC) Congress of the PLA Air Force in Beijing on 22nd May 2009, attended & blessed by President – Hu Jintao. And second was the arrival of Kuomintang (KMT) Chairman – Wu Poh-hsiung at Beijing on 25th May 2009 together with recognition by the senior leaders of CPC to remember the contributions made by great pre-communist Chinese leader – Dr. Sun Yat-sen. (1)



Both event present important strategic guidelines of CPC vision towards their ultimate goal. The first event was important in terms of statement made by Chinese President – Hu Jintao at the 11th CPC Congress of the PLA Air Force. In which, he urged, “to build a powerful air force to meet the demands of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) for missions in the 21st century,” he further stressed that, “the Air Force should enhance the message of loyalty to the Party among all officers and soldiers as an essential part of their military training.” (2)


So in the communist China, the Air Force is for the party (CPC) and not for China, which normally happens in any communist state? In the regimented country, every organs of state institution has to fulfill the objective of the party, as party is nation & nation is party and every citizen is assumed to be a party member including their business organizations to fulfill party tasks. Moreover, what would be the fate of those normal citizens, who doesn’t obey party guidelines for not being a party member could be well understood in any regimented society? If the same event would have happened in any ‘open society states’ like - USA or in India, you would have found US – President – Mr. Obama making a statement that, “US Air Force should be prepared to meet the challenges of 21st Century in protecting great American nation,” and in the same pattern by Dr. Man Mohan Singh in India or even in Britain or in France etc.


The second event to recognize contributions made by- Dr. Sun Yat-sen during the visit of Taiwanese leader is a landmark event, as it is a key to solve the Taiwan straits problem. The new reformed China officially recognizes multi-party democracy, having eight non-communist parties like – (1) Revolutionary Committee of Chinese Kuomintang, (2) Chinese Democratic League, (3) China National Democratic Construction Association, (4) China Association for Promoting Democracy, (5) Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party, (5) China Zhi Gong Party, (6) Jiu San Society, (7) the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce (ACFIC, the most recent one) and, (8) Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League. If you read regular official released documents of China (of more than decade) on non-communist parties role in nation building, you would find the name of concerned non-communist parties always indicating that, “Non-Communist Parties praise CPC leadership in advancing socialism,” (3) but interestingly without any courtesy of mentioning the name of the party leader of any non-communist parties. Probably, raising or highlighting name of any leader of non-communist parties in media might endanger the ‘scientific way of socialism’ or challenge the leadership in China?


US Treasury Secretary – Timothy Geithner is scheduled to visit China from May 31 to June 2. Mr. Geithner will be visiting as a special envoy of US President – Barack Obama and during his visit the US-China mechanism for ‘Strategic and Economic Dialogue’ is expected to be upgraded, which were initiated by the respective two nations in 2005 and 2006. The US treasury secretary forthcoming visit will concentrate on economic and financial topics including energy, environmental protection, intellectual property rights and services. (4) For international community, the current world economic crisis is a painful event resulting into huge unemployment figures & crumbling banking institutions. But for the Chinese President – Hu Jintao- it presents ‘hardships’ as well as great ‘opportunities’ amid financial crisis. (5) Mr. Hu knows where opportunities lie – the rich example of Iceland’s electoral result is before him? It is for others to guess where – inside or outside China? However, the US Treasury Secretary also knows about the opportunities Mr. Hu visualizing? Now the golden question emerges, does political leadership of ‘open society’ of South Asia, Southeast Asia, Europe, Africa and Latin America etc. are also aware of those opportunities or not? It is also important for Indian leadership to re-think that, whether NAM is still relevant or time has arrived to start a new international institution like – “World Forum for Democratic Cooperation” of open society nations?


Endnotes:

1. KMT Chairman Kicks off eight-day mainland visits, Xinhua News, Beijing, China, 25th of May 2009.
2. Hu Jintao calls for powerful air force to fulfil PLA’s missions, Xinhua News, Beijing, China, 22nd of May 2009.
3. Non-Communist Parties Praise CPC leadership in advancing socialism, Xinhua News, 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, China, 17 October 2007.
4. US Treasury Secretary to visit China, Xinhua News, Beijing, China, 26th of May 2009.
5. Hu: Hardships and Opportunities amid global financial crisis, International Department Central Committee of CPC Press Release, Beijing, China, 24 February 2009.

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Message of India’s Verdict to the World

By: Mr. Vijay ‘Bidrohi’

Once again the enlightened people of India in its 15th Lok Sabha election proved that, they rejects leftist political strategy to get elected and reach ‘state power’ by their creation of ‘third front’ alliance and still believes in the rich ethos of great Indian civilization. It also proved that, majority of Indian people rejects the philosophy of ‘coercion’ fatally imbibed originally in the philosophy of ‘communism’ and strongly believes in Gandhian values and rich Indian culture and has faith in the vibrant leadership of honest & humble Congress Prime Minister – Dr. Manmohan Singh.

The decisive victory of Indian National Congress Party through – UPA (United Progressive Alliance) had been not expected by media analyst, scholars and even by many Congressmen. In my earlier post, long before the election, I wrote that I could see the spark of Gandhi in the eyes of young congress leader and party General Secretary – Mr. Rahul Gandhi, which he also proved in his long election campaign speeches and his media interaction by speaking truth on ‘systemic issues’ and answering attack by opposition on ‘hereditary rule’ like Mahatma Gandhi, which resulted into the Congress victory together with its pro-poor programme of Congress for the Indian peasants & labourers. However, it would be a gravest mistake from his part, if he accepts any ministerial post in the forthcoming Government as he needs more time to spend in Indian villages to rebuild the party on Gandhian values? If Congress temporarily lost its old glory of Gandhi and Nehru days, it was because of drifting away from following Gandhian personal conduct in public life by the political leaders. In addition, flexibility to change in the fast changing new international strategic situation coherent with India’s basic values, which are also the values of great Asian Civilization against the philosophy of ‘communism’ in its totality to solve problems in India as well as of world. The 15th Lok Sabha election result also proved that, Indian people doesn’t consider - United States, Britain and France as imperialist in contemporary politics as propagated by leftists in a finely crafted strategic move but considers partners of ‘common values’. The people of India knows that 'colonialism' is a history and aware of new dangers to the representative democracy or open society values.

India’s mammoth election exercise had been keenly watched by world powers including the nations of fellow Asian countries and nations of Africa & Latin America, which is quite natural as it has far reaching consequences in international relations as India being a new world power. However, the very basic values of Indian culture of ‘tolerance’ and philosophy of ‘vasudaib kutumbkum’ (love to all) doesn’t believe in the so called notions of ‘power’ and irrational communist theory of ‘scientific model of development’, which is most unscientific theory ever produced in the history of human civilization in the name and slogans of serving humanity.




The so called theory of ‘scientific model of development’ based on the Marxist philosophy of ‘dialectical materialism’ later enriched by Mao and Lenin is irrational and unscientific as it considers every human being as an ‘economic wild animal’ to be tamed by the force of ‘violence’ in the name of serving humanity. If we free the whole concept of Marxism-Mao-Lenin’s theory from its jargon in a simpler way of understanding for the common readers. We find that it believes in the notion that, resourceful ‘human being’ always acts with its brain for the exploitation of masses (in the paradigm of protecting resourceful class) and doesn’t have any ‘graceful heart’ contrary to the natural behaviours of mankind . However, history of Asia has proved time and again that resourceful persons, from the Lord Buddha to the Mahavira of Jainism, from great Mauryan King Ashoka to the Emperor Akbar of Mughal dynasty and from Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr. to Mother Teresa etc. of Modern Age, that society could be served well and with more sincerity, if one has got graceful heart and purpose of serving the people? And worst dictators and exploiters of people could be found in any system from Communist to liberal democracy and also in the monarchy, if the leadership doesn’t have a ‘graceful heart’?




The very fact of acceptance and disclosures by the China’s Communist Party that, “by June 2007, a total of 24,879 corruption cases had been investigated having a bribery of more than 6,156 billion Yuan and in which government employees had been involved in 5,523 cases, accounting for 22.2 percent of those caught’, (1) reveals and establishes the fact that, despite the ‘ideology of forced coercion’ they are not free from corruption. It also establishes that, the corruption can’t be controlled by any forced controlled political structure like – ‘communism’. Communism fails to understand that, it would be more effective to control corruption through raising ethical and human values in society ingrained in the holy Buddhist Tripitakas, Holy Bible, Holy Quran and perennial holy Vedas etc. and setting examples of simplicity by political leadership rather than of ‘regimented political structure’.




For communist, in their philosophy, they consider themselves as a legitimate ring master ordained by Marx of famous ‘Russian Circus’ in the purpose of taming all human being as wild animals. They forgets that, every human being from rich to poor, from King to the Prime Ministers and President has got a beautiful sensitive heart, which sometimes appreciates beauty of the nature, a good fine poetry, literature, music, drama, films, food etc. and sometimes wants to make love with opposite sex and can throw away all comforts and empires and kingship for the sake of his/her desired love mate. Even in a day to day life, we find that most indiscipline daughters and sons of even richest or poor find themselves meek before there father and mother caught in a wrong conduct in any civilization. Here, indiscipline daughters and sons surrenders before their father and mother not because of fear of ‘forced coercion’ but due to the love, respect and affinity of family bond. So the very concept of ‘legitimacy of violence’ in Communism is against the basic human behaviour, which Gandhi understood well. And to establish the theory that, Marxism-Leninism reveals the ‘universal laws’ governing the development of history of human society, (2) is a big jargonized camouflage to facilitate the enjoyment of ‘power’ and ‘wealth’ to few selected people in the name of ‘people’s democracy’.



Moreover, if deeply studied, the very basic philosophy of ‘communism’ is against individual freedom of expression and a ‘utopian unscientific model’ of development against the basic human values. In practice, Communist states, that, you can criticize party and follow truth but only within the party forums. One could have understood this discipline, if it should have been only applied to party members. But history has shown that, after the establishment of communist rule, every citizen of the concerned nations is forced to remain silent on government policies. In their system, if anyone dared to criticize, they found themselves in jail, torture, elimination or at forced location. So it also prevents ‘open debates’ against the very original ethos of Indian, Burmese or any Asian Civilization. Burma has a rich tradition of producing leaders of fostering values of open society & debaters like- India and great Rev. U Ottama, Bogyoke Aung San, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi are few of them among many great sons & daughters of Burma.



It is interesting to note that, on 13th of May 2009, three days before the counting of votes scheduled on 16th of May 2009, China’s official media Xinhua published the interview of Bahujan Samaj Party – leader – Ms. Mayawati’s giving the title – ‘Indian Woman Political Leader Aims PM Seat’. (3) Chinese official media didn’t find any other political leader from India to interview in spite of having many other politician & stalwarts of Congress Party, Bhartiya Janta Party or Samajwadi Party etc. If we take care of timing, till 13th of May, the so called ‘third front’ of leftists had been without any candidate for Prime Minister and within twenty-four hours of the publication of interview of Ms. Mayawati in the Chinese official media, the leader of CPM and party General Secretary – Prakash Karat declares that, Ms. Mayawati is the candidate of Prime Ministership of their front.


The great Indian civilization has a rich records of producing great debaters, leaders and philosophers devoted in the selfless service of humanity. From Lord Buddha, Mahavira to Shankaracharya, and from Swami Vivekanada, Dayanand Saraswati to Gandhi and Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore etc. are few examples among many great sons of India. Does India need Marx-Lenin or Mao to serve the humanity, the answer is big ‘NO’? which Indian people have rightly reflected in the 15th Lok Sabha election in its message to the world.





Endnotes:

1. CPC disciplines watchdog vows to tighten crack down on corruption, International Department Central Committee of CPC Press Release, Beijing, China, 16 January, 2008.

2. The Ideological and Theoretical Basis of the Communist Party of China, Published by the International Department Central Committee of CPC, Government of China, Beijing, China.

3. Karuna Madan, Interview - Indian Women Political Leader aims PM Seat, Xinhua News, 13th of May 2009, Beijing, China.


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To The Communists …

By – Mahatma Gandhi, first published in ‘Young India’, March 26, 1931.


You claim to be Communists, but you do not seem to live the life of Communism. I may tell you that I am trying my best to live up to the ideal of communism in the best sense of the term. And communism does not, I fancy, exclude courtesy. If you want to carry the country with you, you ought to be able to react on it by reasoning with it. You cannot do so by coercion. You may deal destruction to bring the country round to your view. But how many will you destroy? Not tens of millions. You may kill a few thousands, if you had millions with you. I ask you to convert the Congress if you can, and to take charge of it. But you cannot do so by bidding good-bye to the elementary rules of courtesy. And there is no reason why you should be lacking in ordinary courtesy, when it is open to you to give the fullest vent to your views, when India is tolerant enough to listen patiently to anyone who can talk coherently.



I must warn you that I do not bear any ill to the capitalists; I can think of doing them no harm. But I want, by means of suffering, to awaken them to their sense of duty. I want to melt their hearts and get them to render justice to their less fortunate brethren. They are human beings, and my appeal to them will not go in vain. During the last ‘Satyagraha’, quite a number of capitalists went in for considerable sacrifice, went to jail and suffered. Do you want to estrange them? Don’t you want them to work with you for the common end? God has given you intellect and talent. Turn them to proper account. I beseech you not to lay an embargo on your reason.

(However, I must admit that, majority of politicians, who are wearing & using the name of Gandhi in Indian Politics are also not living the life and idealism of Gandhi. Communist may accuse that ultimate result of ‘Gandhian bourgeoisie politics’ has to result in these outcomes. But communists are also far away from serving people engaged in serving themselves and involved in ‘strategic ploy’ for short cut routes to capture state power like bringing new theory of ‘capitalist communists’. In brief the difference between Gandhi and Marx was that, Gandhi had been first ‘a human being’, then Gandhi and Marx was first ‘communist’ then Marx. – Mr. Vijay ‘Bidrohi’)

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Urgent Note on Tin Myo Win’s Freedom and new US Economic Sanctions

BY: Mr. Vijay 'Bidrohi'

‘Burma Review’ welcomes the release of Daw Aung San Suu Kyi’s family doctor – Tin Myo Win by State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) and eagerly waiting to see the release of Daw Suu Kyi on Monday. It is unfortunate to know through news reports about the renewal of US economic sanctions on Burma. The US administration should have waited till Monday in renewing economic sanctions. In addition, SPDC shouldn’t mistake in understanding the concerned US economic sanctions as punitive measures. But they should consider it as a temporary and a ‘trophy’ of respect to your great leader. Burma Review once again appeals SPDC to free Daw Suu Kyi and hopes that, after her release, US economic sanctions would be removed quickly and engages with ‘tatmadaw’ for the economic development of Burma. The constitutional aspect and its review could be worked out together with economic development plan of Burma.

However, I’m sorry to inform my friends of NCGUB and NLD that, forces of ‘regimented ideology’ have penetrated into the senior rank and files of your organizations against the ‘political visions’ of Daw Suu Kyi of ‘open society’ (as well as in the defence structure of Burma) and many allegations of SPDC are true related with concerned issues. So, western world of ‘open society’ should be very careful in any future punitive policies against SPDC. Although, Burma Review will not allow the ‘piggy-back’ ride on Daw Suu Kyi’s popularity to reach ‘state power’ by those elements against her political visions as it considers these sorts of 'secretive ploy' & the so called ‘scientific development model’ as most ‘unscientific model of development’ and super imposed ‘economic-political-social structure’ through the force of ‘guns’ against basic human values, Burmese and Indian civilizational ethos.

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Urgent Note on Daw Aung San Suu Kyi’s impending Trial

By: Mr. Vijay 'Bidrohi'

In the year 2004, a very prominent Burma’s democracy activist-cum-scholar and my friend – Zarni published a report on Burma’s political situation entitled – “Common Problems, Shared Responsibilities: Citizens’ Quest for National Reconciliation in Burma/Myanmar” together with May Oo. Zarni writes in his report that - “NLD General Secretary - Daw Aung San Suu Kyi remains massively popular, both at home and abroad. However, that popularity has not helped much in her protracted struggle to bring about change her way. The central paradox of the NLD is that Aung San Suu Kyi is both the party’s greatest asset and its greatest liability,” unquote. In his analysis, what Zarni missed to write that, “Daw Aung San Suu Kyi is not only a greatest asset of NLD but also to the Burma’s ruling military Junta – ‘State Peace and Development Council’ (SPDC).” I know that, SPDC, who must be analyzing ‘Burma Review’ as there greatest enemy without knowing well about their real enemy against whom they fought bravely to keep Burma united since independence. If I have kept the name ‘Burma Review’ rather than ‘Myanmar Review’, it is only to protect the prestige of your great leader – Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and being friend of Burma besides her being disciple of Mahatma Gandhi . So don’t spit on your own face by keeping her in house arrest and organizing new court trials.

The news of impending trial of Daw Aung San Suu Kyi on the pretext of communicating with American ‘Inya Lake Swimmer’ or intruder by the name of - John William Yettaw is shocking, painful and unfortunate. Earlier news come up of her falling health and required urgent medical attention then the news of so called intrusion in her house. SPDC is making consistent mistake by keeping Daw Aung San Suu Kyi under house arrest and now organizing prison trial against her on Monday, on the basis of communicating with American intruder. ‘Burma Review’ is aware of the earlier press conference organized by the SLORC Secretary (1) Brig-General Khin Nyunt on 5^th of August 1989 and many articles published till recently in official media on the same theme and understands seriousness of it. But by keeping her in house arrest, SPDC is giving more space to ‘regimented forces’ to grow strong within NLD and outside NLD as well as in the ‘defence structure’ of Burma. The regimented forces have history of secretively playing double strategic ploy to capture ‘state power’ & unfortunately they still continue with their old habits but Indian civilization doesn’t teach those tactics. It is why; I wrote earlier that, Pakistan’s Army Generals are making mistakes by considering India as their enemy.

It is high time that, SPDC should free Daw Aung San Suu Kyi along with other political prisoners in Burma as well as her family doctor – Tin Myo Win. Moreover, trial is required for those security officers who had been in-charge of her security rather than of Daw Suu Kyi for their lack of sincerity to the job. Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, apart from a tallest leader of NLD is very special for Asia being representative of ‘open society’ values. It is also to make an appeal to Anglo-US alliance and European Union to engage Burma removing economic sanction, the moment Daw Aung San Suu Kyi is freed by military junta.

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Burma-France-Tibet and the story of Mr. Liu of China

By: Mr. Vijay ‘Bidrohi’

A few days back, the Mayor of Paris, France – Mr. Bertrand Delanoe took a decision to stick with his earlier judgment to organize a function next month to award Rev. Dalai Lama – the spiritual leader of Tibet and man of virtue, an honorary citizen of Paris. But China reacted in a highly condemnable threatening tone towards France. (1) China’s ‘hate theory’ about Rev. Dalai Lama is a well known fact to the world. On 28th March 2009, the Chinese establishment observed ‘Serfs Emancipation Day’ in Tibet to propagate the theory of ‘ending serfdom’ in Tibet. It is like fooling Burma’s military junta by forging relations with ‘tatmadaw’ at a one time and supporting Communist Party of Burma (CPB) side by side from Chinese soil, when they failed to dislodge ‘tatmadaw’ through the force & philosophy of ‘barrel of gun’ (which will be explained in next article – “China’s double-sword strategy in Burma”). Moreover, why there is a cry from China, when some rationale people of other nations wants to honour a man of truth like– Rev. Dalai Lama?

China’s official media states that abolishment of serfdom in Tibet was the people’s own historical choice in its white paper. (2) If it was Tibetan peoples own historical choice, then why it was captured through ‘Guns’ in the name of dictatorship of proletariats’ in 1959 forcing Rev. Dalai Lama to flee from his home? China could make an attempt to fool Americans by propagating and comparing abolishment of serfdom in Tibet as US anti-slavery movement, (3) but not to the world of open society.

It is a common and regular feature in Chinese official media since 1950’s to castigate Rev. Dalai Lama as a feudal Lord as well as establishing him as a ‘capitalist’ perpetuating serfdom in China through religious institution. One can also find statement in Chinese official media that, - “Before sweeping democratic reform was launched by the central government in 1959, Tibetan people had suffered under a system of feudal serfdom at the hands of religious-political rulers.” (4) But the same Chinese communist political leadership, which abhors philosophically mixing of religion with politics regarding Tibet, finds it suitable to utilize another Tibetan religious leader – Shingtsa Tenzinchodrak of Kagyu sect by coining him as ‘Living Buddha’ and organizes his trip to western world in March 2009 to propagate ending of serfdom in Tibet. (5) It is noteworthy that, Mr. Shingtsa Tenzinchodrak has been also a Vice Chairman of the ‘Standing Committee of the Tibetan Autonomous Region People’s Congress’ of China.

For China, Rev. Dalai Lama is a hated ‘Capitalist’ or ‘feudal lord’ because he is still loved by majority of Tibetan’s for his ‘simplicity’, ‘truthfulness’ and ‘humanism’. However, the Chinese controlled propaganda machine, which is a necessary element for the survival of regimented philosophy doesn’t take care of the fact, that at another occasion, they had rich records of praising ‘Capitalist’ in contemporary China?

But yes for getting praise officially in China one needs to be a ‘communist capitalist’. As during the 17^th Communist Party of China National Congress, the official web site of Communist Party of China praises by writing giving a lofty title – “Communist hammer-and-sickle flags millionaire’s Sedan” and I quote – ‘Mounting the hammer and sickle flag on his luxury car’s control panel, Liu Sirong, a wealthy businessman in south China’s Guangdong province wishes the red symbol of the Communist Party of China (CPC) would bless him for the future’, unquote. (6) Mr. Liu is a very happy man as his company has penetrated into the American and Japanese markets. (7) It is easy to penetrate into the 'social-economic-political-defence' structure of open society by the forces of regimented society but it is equally hard for open society to penetrate into the social-political-defence structure of regimented society. Yes they could find some space in economic domain of regimented society after the new strategic move of open economic reforms policy of Deng Xiaoping. The latest is the conclusion of ‘second China-UK Economic and Financial Dialogue’ reaching to some consensus on 11^th of May 2009. (8)

There is a surprising news in Chinese official media that, a former French diplomat and CEO of business firm Ms CEC consulting – Mr. Lionel Vairon saying to Chinese official media – Xinhuanet that, “the western media’s violent storm of criticism on China are rumors and slanders”, which he also establishes in his book “Threat of China”. (9) Probably as a CEO of a business corporation these sorts of notions could be beneficial in fetching business from China. But a statement from a former diplomat from France, the nation, which recently received threatening message related with forthcoming visit of Rev. Dalai Lama reminds me of a statement of Mahatma Gandhi that, ‘the biggest threat which exists for open society is lust and greed of capitalist for profit earning as it also provides an opportunity for unbridled growth of capitalism’, and he warns towards the notion that, “it is wrong to think that business is incompatible with ethics…the plea that business and ethics never agree is advanced only by those who are actuated by nothing higher than narrow self-interest.” (10)

Mr. Liu is also a legitimate ‘capitalist’ of China as he is equipped with hammer and sickle flags in his luxurious car – Sedan, which probably Rev. Dalai Lama hasn’t got in his philosophy of holy ‘Buddhist tripitakas’, so he is a hated ‘capitalist’ and ‘feudal lord’ in China’s official media? Rev. Dalai Lama is also a hated personality in China as he can’t become future strategic facilitator of ‘socialist-communist revolution’ like new emerging business corporate leaders of regimented society in a contemporary world.

Endnotes:

1. No more ‘errors’ on Tibet, China tells Paris, AFP News, 7^th May 2009, also published in Chinese Xinhua news, China opposes honorary Paris Citizenship for Dalai Lama, 7^th May 2009.

2. Senior Official: abolishment of serfdom Tibetan people’s own choice, Xinhua News, China, 25 March 2009.

3. Living Buddha says serfs emancipation in Tibet similar to US abolition of slavery, Xinhua News, China, 24 March 2009.

4. Dalai Family owned 6000 serfs, Xinhua News, China, 20 March 2009.

5. Note No. 3.

6. Communist hammer-and-sickle flags millionaire’s Sedan, Chinese Communist Party official web site, Beijing, China, 18 October 2007, also reported in Xinhua News same day by writers: Yu Zheng, Che Xiaohui, Zhao Ying.

7. Ibid.

8. Second China-UK Economic and Financial Dialogue reaches lots of consensus, Xinhua News, China, 12 May 2009.

9. Lin Li, Former French diplomat on western media’s criticism on China, Xinhua News, China, 12 May 2009.

10. Mahatma Gandhi, To the Businessmen, Harijan, May 4, 1935, India.

(The End)

(Note: For the security of web site the web link of endnote references has been not provided as per the endnotes rule, Burma Review, India)

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